Hidden synonym1/4/2024 ![]() In these environments, they often compete with molds such as Aureobasidium pullulans, Cladosporium herbarum, Trichoderma spp., Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, and other species. ![]() This species can also grow on water-damaged wood, plaster, wallpapers, and painted surfaces. phaeospermum was found to grow indoors on composite wood and plywood. In 2021, eight new species were discovered in marine habitats in Korea, and four new species were reported from bamboo trees in China. Furthermore, novel Arthrinium species are constantly being discovered. phaeospermum can cause the culm rot on Phyllostachys viridis and cutaneous infections of humans, while A. arundinis causes kernel blight of barley, A. They can be saprobes, endophytes, pathogenic fungi of plants and humans. These species are detected from a variety of hosts. How many species of Arthrinium are there?Īrthrinium is the largest genus within the Apiosporaceae family, containing 91 species. Characteristics of the most common Arthrinium phaeospermum are the following: fast-growing, white to the grey colony, elliptical, dark brown, smooth-walled conidia, 8–12 x 5–7 µm size, with a narrow, hyaline band around the longest part.Īrthrinium conidia are highly resistant to heat since they can survive apple juice pasteurizing process of 88☌ (190☏) for 1.5 min and being heated in water at 105☌ (221☏) for 2.5 min. Furthermore, morphological characteristics of the same species can differ when observed in vitro or in vivo. Arthrinium subroseum culture, hyphae and conidia (Photo source: Wang M, Tan X-M, Liu F, Cai L, Wikimedia).Īrthrinium species can morphologically differ when growing on different substrates or during different incubation periods. The sexual state of Arthrinium belongs to the genus Apiospora, which forms perithecial stromata with hyaline apiospores. The first group has an irregular or a conidial polygon shape, while the second group produces globose or ellipsoid conidia. The basauxic conidiophores emerge from conidiophore mother cells, which are formed from the vegetative mycelium.Īrthrinium species can be divided into two groups based on conidial shape. This genus is different from other anamorphic genera because it forms basauxic conidiophores, which arise from structures called conidiophore mother cells. What does Arthrinium look like?Īrthrinium species produce large, dark conidia formed on short and narrow conidiophores ( Fig. Also, the sexual genus Apiospora should be treated as an Arthinium synonym since Arthinium is an older and more frequently found genus. Since Arthrinium species are morphologically variable, a comprehensive molecular analysis was conducted in 2013 to circumcise the Arthrinium genus.Ĭrous and Groenewald suggested that the related genera Pteroconium and Cordella should be treated as synonyms for the Arthrinium genus and that conidia shape and the presence of septae are not reliable markers for distinguishing all species in this complex. Until recently, Arthrinium classification was based on morphological characteristics such as conidial and conidiophores shape, the presence or absence of sterile cells, and septae. ![]() The genus Arthrinium was described in 1817 and in earlier literature was known by its synonym Papularia. sacchari, as they produce compound 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NPA), a highly toxic and potentially fatal compound. ![]() They can also be found indoors, on water-damaged, composite wood and plywood, plaster, wallpaper, and painted surfaces. It is a widespread and diverse genus: some species are plant saprobes endophytes of plant tissue, lichens, and marine algae plant pathogens on barley and wheat and human pathogens causing cutaneous infections. caricicola as the type species, isolated from the Carex plant (Cyperaceae). Today, this genus contains 91 species, with A. The genus was introduced in 1817 by Schmidt and Kunze and confirmed by Fries in 1832. Arthrinium is a fungal genus that belongs to the family Apiosporaceae, order Xylariales, and class Sordariomycetes within the Ascomycota phylum.
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